季度創新報告：2025年第四季 (只提供英文版)

Each quarter, we find real-world innovations that run the spectrum from barely prototypes to fully realized products. We do this to capture the full lifecycle of innovation, from invention to commercialization, as each step along the way is equally vital. Sometimes, it can take years for an innovation to reach its full commercial potential. Drone delivery, a high-profile technology that has long been in the public imagination, is an example of this lengthy lifecycle. Right now, for the first time (if you live in Ireland), you can order a coffee from your phone that will be drone-delivered to your backyard in fewer than 15 minutes.

Pollen shows promise as a building material

Materials scientists recently transformed pollen, once called the “diamond of the plant world,” into a flexible building block for sustainable materials like paper, film and sponges.¹ The key breakthrough involves reconfiguring the pollen’s rigid outer shell into a jam-like consistency. Future applications range from use as a drug delivery vehicle, to a porous sponge that stems bleeding or absorbs oil spills. 

Why it matters:

Although wood is often thought of as a renewable resource, harvesting timber kills the trees, and processing the log into useful products is itself resource intensive—it takes 3.5 gallons of water to make just one page of paper. In contrast, pollen is naturally released from plants and can be harvested from commercial bee hives at low cost. In an increasingly resource-scarce world, pollen could be the sustainable alternative we need.

New artificial intelligence (AI) model simulates entire worlds

Genie 3, a new AI model from Google, can generate a dynamic world from user prompts that the user can then navigate in real time.² The product displays 24 frames per second and can retain consistency for several minutes at a 720p resolution. Examples on the website show photorealistic worlds, including swimming through the deep sea and climbing a snowy mountain.

Why it matters:

Genie 3 is a milestone in model development because it can create an entire world out of a text prompt, while previous models required explicit 3D representations to be provided in the prompt. While the obvious use case for this technology is for video game graphics, it is also an important steppingstone on the path to artificial generalized intelligence, which refers to a computer with human-like cognition. Later versions of Genie 3 could provide an unlimited curriculum of training worlds for advanced models to learn from.

Autonomous drones deliver coffee to customers’ backyards

Residents of Dublin, Ireland, can now order a warm beverage to their backyard via autonomous drone.³ After being loaded, the drones rise to 70 feet in the air and fly six minutes, on average, to reach their destination. Once there, the drone lowers a paper bag of warm, unspilled coffee on a biodegradable string. So far, Manna, the drone company responsible for this service, has successfully completed 200,000 flights in and around Dublin.

Why it matters:

Drone technology has been around for a long time, but Manna’s operations in Dublin are the first instance of commercially available drone delivery. This represents a big milestone, with the potential to drive down the cost of delivery dramatically. Each aircraft at Manna completes 80 deliveries a day on average, which is well over double the rate of a human delivery driver. And, because these drones are autonomous, only one drone “pilot” is needed to oversee up to 20 aircraft at once in the case of error.

Power plant in Japan generates electricity by mixing salt and fresh water

Japanese engineers have successfully built the first osmotic power plant, which places freshwater and seawater on either side of a membrane.⁴ As water flows across the membrane to the saltier side to reach chemical equilibrium, the increasing pressure gradient on one side can be harnessed to produce electricity.

Why it matters:

Because this technology relies only on the mixing of fresh and salt water, the energy flow is steady. This solves the problem of intermittency, a common issue for other renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. The Fukuoka plant will generate 880,000 kilowatt hours of electricity each year, enough to power 220 Japanese households. The challenge will be to continue to scale the technology.

Scientists grow fully functioning human skin

Researchers in Australia have pioneered a new technique to grow human skin in a lab starting with stem cells.⁵ The resulting skin functions as normal skin would and includes blood vessels, capillaries, hair follicles, multiple layers of tissue, immune cells, pigmentation, appendage patterning, nerves, and even its own blood supply. To achieve this result, researchers placed stem cells into petri dishes and grew them into mini versions of skin, which they called skin organoids.

Why it matters:

The ability to grow human skin provides hope for the 1.8 billion people worldwide with chronic skin conditions.⁶ Potential use cases include skin grafts, wound healing, and even the study of skin disorders. Further, this artificially grown human skin can be used to study disease without the complexity of clinical trials.