投資實質資產

Across the United States, the number of projects involving real assets is increasing. Recent legislation is fostering increased US production capacity for batteries and semiconductors, greening the economy and bringing high-speed internet to rural America. Commodities, metals, industrial equipment and other natural resources are in heavier demand. As a result, the surge in spending on real assets may benefit machinery makers and miners and create new investment opportunities in value-oriented industries.

Legislation supports real asset investment

The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) and CHIPS and Science Act are boosting US manufacturing and infrastructure projects. As such, companies are building new US facilities for semiconductors and electronics, clean energy, biomanufacturing and heavy industry. This spending is driving demand for materials such as copper, steel and other metals, rebar, concrete and asphalt, in addition to heavy machinery and other construction site rentals. Generally, value-oriented companies produce these products, and we expect large amounts of spending on new and ongoing projects to support demand.  

The Biden administration’s fiscal year 2024 budget proposal sets aside US$70.2 billion for transportation-related infrastructure projects.¹ Estimates from the White House propose that spending from the IRA, IIJA and CHIPS and Science Act could total US$3.5 trillion over the next decade.² We expect these Acts to lead to increased public and private investment in the nation’s infrastructure and manufacturing capacity, and according to the US Census Bureau, US manufacturing investment has grown significantly since the IRA, IIJA, CHIPS and Science Act were passed.

Real assets can be green

Like heavy machinery and manufacturing, steel mills and concrete plants generally aren’t associated with the green economy. However, these materials create electric vehicle infrastructure, build wind turbines, and start other green projects. Electric vehicles use about 175 pounds of copper per car, nearly four times the amount used in a traditional vehicle, and it’s estimated that electric vehicle battery manufacturing accounted for two-thirds of global copper demand growth in 2022.³ In addition, demand for batteries keeps growing. Electric vehicle and battery manufacturing accounted for US$210 billion in investments as of late 2022, up from US$51 billion at the end of 2020.⁴ While manufacturers are working to design batteries requiring less metal, demand should likely remain strong as the transition to electric vehicles accelerates.

Growing demand for metals used in batteries could help support mining companies’ stock prices. In addition, many car manufacturers, traditionally viewed as value companies, are revving up their electric vehicle production. We think increased electric vehicle market participation may lead to stronger sales and market share. We also expect relocation of battery and vehicle manufacturing to reduce costs over time for vehicle makers.

A wind turbine also represents green energy, despite being composed mostly of steel⁵ and requiring tons of concrete and more steel to anchor it.⁶ As the United States generates more electricity from wind farms, we expect demand for these real assets to be supported as an increasing number of turbines are constructed. In addition, wind-, solar- and water-generated electricity depend on the environment to generate power and need oil- and natural-gas-generated energy as backup. Even with the green transition, we think demand for these traditional energy assets will remain.

Real assets and the internet

American households love their internet access. According to a 2023 survey, people access the internet 144 times per day via their smartphones.⁷ After phone usage, home internet access is the most popular way to get online. However, it’s estimated that only 77% of US adults have home internet access, and that number falls to 72% when focusing exclusively on rural areas.⁸ President Biden’s IIJA attempts to remedy this, earmarking US$42 billion to bury miles of fiber optic cable⁹ to expand US household high-speed internet access. More cables—made of glass and steel fibers—will be needed, and workers will need heavy equipment to lay the cable,¹⁰ which can lead to real productive growth for companies engaging in these projects. As more people gain access to high-speed internet, faster subscriber growth rates could cause communications company shares to rerate over time, while generating faster growth for companies that produce fiber optic cable components and manufacture the cable.

Home is where the broadband is
Figures as of 2021

Sources: Pew Research Center, US Census Bureau

We think the manufacturing and green energy expansions, along with the broadbandification of rural America, will support demand for products and services provided by companies operating in value-oriented sectors. A construction boom requiring metals, building materials, heavy machinery and labor is underway. The push toward a green energy future may not be the death knell for high-polluting industries such as mining, cement and oil that many have anticipated. More high-speed internet for more people means more cable, people to bury the cable, and subscribers for communications companies. All of these are hard asset intensive; all of these present new opportunities for value investors.